Understanding the process of genesis and formation of political identities is a compelling theme of political science and sociological analysis not only of the electoral behavior, but also of the manner and forms of political participation and the nature of political culture. The aim of the article is to describe and explain the interrelationship of the dimensions of historical consciousness on the formation of political identities in the Czech Republic. The basic research hypothesis is that political identities of the population aged 40 and over differ with respect to patterns of historical consciousness and related sociodemographic characteristics. Based on the general hypothesis, we formulated three specific hypotheses: 1. differences in political identities result from historical consciousness measured in terms of its various dimensions and related sociodemographic characteristics. And consistently, memory of the past is influenced by current political attitudes, regardless of self-expression or sociodemographic characteristics. 2. It is possible to identify several different patterns of historical consciousness, i.e., there are some significant communalities in respondents’ relationship to the dimensions of historical consciousness. 3. It is possible to relate different patterns of historical consciousness to different political identities.